Bread flour vs. plain flour: the ultimate guide for bakers

The answer to this common baking question is both yes and no. While bread flour and plain flour (also known as all-purpose flour) share some similarities, they differ in certain key characteristics that impact the quality of your baked goods.

Understanding Flour Types

Flour is a powdery substance made from grinding wheat grains. The type of wheat and the milling process determine the flour’s properties.

• Bread Flour: Made from hard wheat with a high protein content (12-14%).
• Plain Flour: Made from a blend of hard and soft wheat with a medium protein content (9-11%).

Key Differences Between Bread Flour and Plain Flour

1. Protein Content

The protein content is the most significant difference between bread flour and plain flour. Protein forms gluten when combined with water, which gives dough its elasticity and strength. Bread flour’s higher protein content results in a stronger gluten network, leading to a chewier and more flavorful bread.

2. Absorption Capacity

Bread flour absorbs more water than plain flour due to its higher protein content. This means that bread dough made with bread flour will be firmer and less sticky, making it easier to handle.

3. Bread Structure

The stronger gluten network in bread flour creates a more stable bread structure. Breads made with bread flour have a higher volume, a tighter crumb, and a more golden crust.

4. Flavor

Bread flour imparts a slightly stronger flavor to bread compared to plain flour. This is because the higher protein content contributes to the formation of more amino acids during baking, which enhance the bread’s taste.

When to Use Bread Flour vs. Plain Flour

Use bread flour when:

• Making yeast breads that require a chewy texture, such as baguettes, focaccia, and pizza crusts.
• Baking gluten-free breads that need extra strength to hold together.
• Adding strength to doughs with low-protein ingredients, such as sourdough starters or whole wheat flour.

Use plain flour when:

• Making most baked goods, including cakes, cookies, muffins, and quick breads.
• Baking with low-gluten flours, such as almond flour or coconut flour.
• Creating a tender and soft texture in breads or pastries.

Can You Substitute Bread Flour for Plain Flour?

In some cases, you can substitute bread flour for plain flour in a 1:1 ratio. However, the resulting baked goods may have a slightly denser texture and less chewiness. To compensate, you may need to add more water to the dough.

Can You Substitute Plain Flour for Bread Flour?

Substituting plain flour for bread flour is not recommended. The lower protein content in plain flour will result in a weaker gluten network, leading to a bread that is less chewy and may have a crumbly texture.

Final Thoughts: Is Bread Flour Just Plain Flour?

While bread flour and plain flour share some similarities, their differences in protein content and other properties make them suitable for different types of baked goods. Bread flour is ideal for creating chewy and flavorful breads, while plain flour is better suited for tender and soft baked goods. Understanding the distinctions between these flours will help you achieve the desired results in your baking endeavors.

Basics You Wanted To Know

1. Is bread flour the same as high-protein flour?

Yes, bread flour is a type of high-protein flour with a protein content of 12-14%.

2. Can I use bread flour for all baking purposes?

No, bread flour is best used for yeast breads that require a chewy texture. It is not suitable for delicate baked goods like cakes and muffins.

3. How can I tell the difference between bread flour and plain flour?

Bread flour has a higher protein content and absorbs more water than plain flour. It will also produce a dough that is firmer and less sticky.

4. Can I make bread flour at home?

Yes, you can make bread flour at home by mixing 1 cup of all-purpose flour with 1 tablespoon of vital wheat gluten.

5. What is the best way to store bread flour?

Bread flour should be stored in an airtight container in a cool, dry place. It will last for up to 6 months.